I was having some trouble finding a working Twitter GeekTool shell script as most I found used basic authentication which no longer is supported to connect to the Twitter API and has now been replaced with OAuth.
So I wrote my own script using python and the tweepy package, As I was writing this I found out about an alternative method using python-twitter which seems works but I don't think it has good enough formatting for GeekTool. (At least not the way I like)
You will need the tweepy package (Run via command line):
sudo easy_install tweepy
Then the Twitter Script
To setup Twitter authentication you will need to first run it via the command line:
Make it executable:
chmod 755 twittercli.py
Run it to get started:
python2.7 ./twittercli.py
Python2.7 may be located in different places depending on if you have Xcode installed or not, if you can run the script via the command line but not in GeekTool you may need to specify the full path to Python2.7 in GeekTool. (I've recently updated the script to display the python full path at the end of the authentication process or using the '-e' command switch).
More detailed information can be found here